Résumé

Introduction: The aim of our study was to analyze the epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of digestive abdominal emergencies, as well as the factors associated with postoperative complications. Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical aims, conducted over a one-year period (August 1, 2022 – July 31, 2023). All patients over 15 years of age presenting with a digestive abdominal emergency were included. Results: We collected data from 272 patients. The mean age was 39 years (± 17.3), and the male-to-female ratio was 2:1. The mean time to consultation was 120 hours ± 447.7 (5 days). Appendiceal pathology (44.5%), generalized acute peritonitis (17.3%), and acute intestinal obstruction (16.2%) were the most frequently observed pathologies. Surgical treatment was performed in 86% of cases, with midline laparotomy being the most frequently used approach (92%). The mean waiting time for surgery was 45.0 ± 112.3 hours (2 days). Medical treatment was administered to 11.4% of patients, and instrumental treatment was indicated in 2.57%. The operative morbidity rate was 19.6% (n=46), and surgical site infection was the main postoperative complication (n=23). The overall mortality rate was 2.7% (n=7). Factors associated with the occurrence of complications were WHO performance status (p = 0.004), hemoglobin level (p = 0.015), acute bowel obstruction (p = 0.049), and generalized acute peritonitis (p = 0.030). Conclusion: Digestive surgical emergencies pose a public health problem with significant morbidity and mortality due to diagnostic and therapeutic delays. This study should help improve the quality of care and postoperative outcomes.

Mot-clés :

Digestive Emergency, Epidemiology, Prognostic Factors, Senegal